Purified Water, WFI and Pure Steam Generation Raw water can be pre-treated to remove contaminants through steps including UV lamps, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, multimedia filters, softeners. To ensure an effective microbial control, systems can be specified to be hot water sanitisable.

Triclosan (TCS) is a broad spectrum antibacterial agent present as an active ingredient in some personal care products such as soaps, toothpastes and sterilizers. It is an endocrine disrupting compound and its increasing presence in water resources as well as in biosolid-amended soils used in farming, its potential for bioaccumulation in fatty tissues and toxicity in aquatic organisms are a cause for concern to human and environmental health. TCS has also been detected in blood, breast milk, urine and nails of humans. The significance of this is not precisely understood. Data on its bioaccumulation in humans are also lacking.

Cell based studies however showed that TCS is a pro-oxidant and may be cytotoxic via a number of mechanisms. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation appears to be prevailing as a toxicity mechanism though the compound’s role in apoptosis has been cited. TCS is not known to be carcinogenic per se in vitro but has been reported to promote tumourigenesis in the presence of a carcinogen, in mice. Recent laboratory reports appear to support the view that TCS oestrogenicity as well as its anti-oestrogenicity play significant role in cancer progression. Results from epidemiological studies on the effect of TCS on human health have implicated the compound as responsible for certain allergies and reproductive defects. Its presence in chlorinated water also raises toxicity concern for humans as carcinogenic metabolites such as chlorophenols may be generated in the presence of the residual chlorine. In this paper, we carried out a detailed overview of TCS pollution and the implications for human and environmental health.

Simistor ts 160 6 341. Search the history of over 347 billion web pages on the Internet. ISO/TS 16949 is the globally recognized quality management standard for the automotive industry. It brings together standards from across Europe and the US and provides a framework for achieving best practice with regards to the design and manufacture of products for the automotive supply chain. What Every Employee Needs to Know About ISO ⁄ TS 29 Top management must also assign a “customer representative” who will ensure that the customers’ needs are met. 5.5.3 Internal Communication Your company must have processes for communicating important information about the quality management system and its effective-ness. Full text of 'Sourcebook of Electronic Circuits' See other formats. QUALITY MANUAL QM0492 ISO/TS16949 SUPPLEMENT I REV B Foreword. ISO/TS Supplemental Requirements Supplement I Appendix V Programming Quality Management System Processes. 6.0) 5.5.1 Responsibility and Authority 5.5.1.1 Responsibility for Quality - Supplemental.

Background Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent in some personal care products such as soap, sanitizer and skin cream (Kirk–Othmer; MacIsaac et al.; Perencevich et al.; Schweizer ). Its widespread use in homes and in health care centres may have explained its versatility as a water micro-pollutant (Helbing et al.; Kolpin et al.; Li et al.; Loraine and Pettigrove; Park and Yeo; Reiss et al. TCS has been mentioned (Foran et al. ) as an endocrine disruptor (ED), a group of compounds known to interfere with hormone functions (Wingspread Consensus Statement ).

Structurally, TCS molecule possesses functional groups for both phenol (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol) and ether (2,4,4-trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether) (Fig. ). Its lipophilicity (log K ow = 4.8 octanol–water partition coefficient) suggests bioaccumulation in fatty tissues which raises toxicity concern. Structure of triclosan (CAS 3380-34-5) The hormonal activity of TCS (Crofton et al. ) is widely acknowledged in vitro (Huang et al.

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) and in vivo, in laboratory (Stoker et al. ) and aquatic (Ishibashi et al. ) animals which raises fear for human health.

Evidence of human toxicity is still a matter for debate in scientific circles, however some state authorities such as in Minnesota are considering a ban on all TCS-containing products (Dhillon et al. ) or a restriction (TIME ), partly due to the reported TCS-resistant bacteria or ostensibly yielding to the pressure mounted by some professional bodies (APUA ) for the perceived adverse effects on health. Apart from its widely reported adverse effects on cellular metabolism, its ecotoxicity also raises fear of dwindling economic fortunes from water resources.