Who are refugees? Refugees are people who have been driven from their homeland by a crisis such as civil war or persecution. Often their lives are endangered because of their ethnicity, or political or religious beliefs. Of all the immigrants who arrive in New Zealand, perhaps refugees face the toughest challenges. They have often suffered imprisonment or torture. They may have lost members of their families, and endured months in refugee camps.

Many cannot speak English, and arrive with no belongings. New Zealand’s policies Since 1840 thousands of refugees have been accepted from around the world. New Zealand has signed international agreements, including United Nations agreements in 1951 and 1967. In 1959 New Zealand became one of the first countries to accept ‘handicapped’ refugees (for instance the sick, disabled or elderly). But New Zealand has not always opened its doors to everyone – strict rules once favoured groups who would easily blend in. Others were not accepted readily, for example Jewish people fleeing Nazism, and Chinese refugees in the 1950s.

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In 1987 the government agreed to accept a quota of 800 refugees each year. This was later reduced to 750. Refugee groups The first people seeking safety were from Denmark in the 1870s, fleeing suppression of their language and culture by the Germans. Among those who arrived after that were: • Polish orphans in 1944 • Asians expelled from Uganda in 1972–73 • Vietnamese boat people between 1977 and 1993 • refugees from Afghanistan, from 2001 • 1,857 Somalis by 2006 (some came to join their families). Since the early 1980s, increasing numbers of asylum seekers have arrived. Asylum seekers do not have refugee status when they arrive, and a committee decides whether they can stay as refugees.

Anorexia nervosa Definition Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder characterized by an unrealistic fear of weight gain, self-starvation, and conspicuous distortion of body image. The individual is obsessed with becoming increasingly thinner and limits food intake to the point where health is compromised. The disorder may be fatal. The name comes from two Latin words that mean nervous inability to eat. Description Anorexia nervosa often is thought of as a modern problem, but it was first described by the English physician Richard Morton in 1689.

Nevertheless, anorexia was not officially classified as a psychiatric disorder by the American Psychiatric Association until the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published in 1980. In the twenty-first century, anorexia nervosa is recognized as a serious problem particularly among adolescent females.

Its incidence in the United States has more than doubled since 1970. The rise in the number of reported cases is thought to reflect a genuine increase in the number of persons affected by the disorder and not simply earlier or more accurate diagnosis. Anorexia nervosa is a serious public health problem not only because of its rising incidence, but also because it has one of the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric disorder.