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Countries where Indonesian is a minority language This article contains phonetic symbols. Without proper, you may see instead of characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see. Indonesian ( bahasa Indonesia ) is the official language of.

It is a of, an that has been used as a in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia is the fourth most in the world.

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Of its large population, the majority speak Indonesian, making it one of the most languages in the world. Most Indonesians, aside from speaking the national language, are fluent in any of more than 700 indigenous; examples include, and, which are commonly used at home and within the local community. However, most formal, and nearly all national,,,, and other forms of communication, are conducted in Indonesian. The Indonesian name for the language is bahasa Indonesia (literally 'the language of Indonesia'). This term is also occasionally found in and other languages. Written in, is the oldest surviving specimen of the language in, Indonesia.

Indonesian is a of 'Riau Malay', which despite its common name is not the Malay dialect native to the, but rather the of the royal courts. Originally spoken in Northeast, Malay has been used as a in the Indonesian for half a millennium. It might be attributed to its, the language (which can be traced back to the 7th century). The is the oldest surviving specimen of Old Malay, the language used by empire. Since the 7th century, the Old Malay language has been used in (Indonesian archipelago), evidenced by Srivijaya inscriptions and by other inscriptions from areas of the archipelago, such as.

Old Malay as lingua franca [ ] contacts carried on by various peoples at the time were the main for spreading the Old Malay language, which was the main medium among the traders. Ultimately, the Old Malay language became a and was spoken widely by most people in the archipelago. Indonesian (in its standard form) is essentially the same language as the official, and standards of Malay. However, it does from Malaysian in several respects, with differences in pronunciation and vocabulary. These differences are due mainly to the Dutch and Javanese influences on Indonesian. Indonesian was also influenced by the Melayu pasar (literally 'market Malay'), which was the lingua franca of the archipelago in colonial times, and thus indirectly by other spoken languages of the islands.

Malaysian Malay claims to be closer to the classical Malay of earlier centuries, even though modern Malaysian has been heavily influenced, in lexicon as well as in syntax, by English. The question of whether High Malay (Court Malay) or Low Malay (Bazaar Malay) was the true parent of the Indonesian language is still in debate. High Malay was the official language used in the court of the and continued by the Dutch-administered territory of, while Low Malay was commonly used in marketplaces and ports of the archipelago. Some linguists have argued that it was the more common Low Malay that formed the base of the Indonesian language.

Dutch colonial era [ ] When the (VOC) first arrived in the archipelago, the Malay language was a significant trading and political language due to the influence of and later the. However, the language had never been dominant among the population of the Indonesian archipelago as it was limited to mercantile activity. The VOC adopted the Malay language as the administrative language of their trading outpost in the east. Following the of the VOC, the took control of the colony in 1799 and it was only then that education in and promotion of Dutch began in the. Even then, Dutch administrators were remarkably reluctant to promote the use of Dutch compared to other colonial regimes. Dutch thus remained the language of a small elite: in 1940, only 2% of the total population could speak Dutch.